St. Thomas Aquinas Of The Personalist / Natural Law Ethics

This semester has felt as being in a roller coaster, despite of some of the theories having similarities, one cannot said that one theory is the same to another. For the reason, I personality felt as every time that there was a new theory introduced, I tried to see how it applied to my life. As the different theories were presented in our Ethical Theory class, the theory that stood out and reignited the most is St. Thomas Aquinas of the personalist /natural law ethics. St. Thomas Aquinas natural laws theory developed from a non-Christian that was Aristotle. Despite many of many Catholic theologian did not agree with St. Thomas Aquinas due to his agreement with Aristotle, but St. Aquinas would become one of the most influential theologian in Christianity history. His theory on natural law started to first defining law in general. For example, the key aspect of his definition is that, â€Å"law is something pertaining to reason.†(Aquinas, p.3) This was a key point that was a dev elopment from what St. Aquinas had understood from Aristotle that not mattering what the issues were there had to be law that had to refer to reason, as characteristic human function. Also, there are some essential to a law that St. Aquinas recognized which are an ordinance of reason, directed to the common good, made by one who has care of the community, and promulgated. Furthermore, the characteristic human function, Aquinas begins to develop a more concrete theory of his own in regard to laws that is,

Physician Assisted Suicide And Voluntary Euthanasia

Physician-assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia is still under scrutiny for a number of reasons. â€Å"In spring, 1996, the Ninth and Second Circuits were the first circuit courts in the country to find a constitutional prohibition against laws which make physician-assisted suicide a crime† (Martyn Bourguignon, 1997). New York was one of the states that followed this prohibition. Eventually, The Ninth and Second Circuit, â€Å"allow physician-assisted suicide while attempting to protect individuals from unacceptable harms, such as involuntary euthanasia† (Martyn Bourguignon, 1997). An assumption can be made, that euthanasia involves a licensed physician to play an active role in this partaking, and it’s where the patient prepares to die at.†¦show more content†¦Even if assisted suicide were to be permitted under some conditions, a second issue is whether physicians should ever participate in it. This is where the moral and ethical issues arise? Ph ysicians may not want to have the burden of essentially killing a human being. A life is sacred and doctors avoid putting patients in severe pain. The law can get involved if a physician does administer this lethal dose of medication to their patient. For example, Dr. Jack Kevorkian was arrested for performing physician-assisted suicide on his patients. He clearly did not view assisted dying as an immoral type of procedure. â€Å"The site of most activity surrounding physician-assisted suicide is Michigan because Dr. Kevorkian practiced physician-assisted suicide there despite its illegal status. From 1990 to 1999, when he was convicted and imprisoned, Kevorkian assisted in more than 130 physician-assisted suicides† (Grosswald, 2002). People commit suicide on a daily basis, not only in the United States of America, but all over the entire world. Dying by suicide or losing someone from suicide can be incredibly traumatic for families, loved ones, and the victim. Also, dying from suicide by hanging, shooting, or harming oneself is not the utmost, moral, or ethical way to die, due to the physical pain. Furthermore, there are aShow MoreRelatedPhysician Assisted Suicide And Voluntary Euthanasia, Legitimacy And Legality1352 Words   |  6 Pages Physician Assisted Suicide and Voluntary Euthanasia, Legitimacy and Legality Isaac Roer Saginaw Valley State University Abstract This paper discusses why the U.S. should implement the availability of physician assisted suicide/death and voluntary euthanasia. It discusses countries that have this legally, how they do not abuse the fact, and the percentages of both physicians and patients that are affiliated with PAS/VE. It continues with the legal moral issues it has within the UnitedRead MoreEuthanasi Voluntary Active Euthanasia, Passive Euthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide1143 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Heritage Dictionary euthanasia is defined as the art or practice of ending the life of a person or animal having a terminal illness or a medical condition that causes suffering. Euthanasia should be a individual choice to end a patient s life. This keeps them from going through excruciating pain due to an incurable disease. Some people think euthanasia should be out of the picture while others inquiry the effectiveness of these actions. With effectiveness, euthanasia is classified in threeRead MorePhy sician Assisted Suicide And Euthanasia Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesPhysician Assisted Suicide Is physician assisted suicide ethical? Physician assisted suicide is an up and coming ethical question that examines a person’s right to their own death. Many people support physician assisted suicide, citing that it can save a lot of pain and suffering. Others claim that the concept of physician assisted suicide is a slippery slope. A slippery slope in the sense that if society accepts euthanasia as a rightful death for the terminally ill, they will potentially acceptRead MoreAssisted Suicide And Voluntary Active Euthanasia Essay1270 Words   |  6 Pagessociety, physician assisted suicide and voluntary active euthanasia. Physician assisted suicide is when the patient is prescribed lethal medicine by the doctor to commit suicide. While, voluntary active euthanasia is when a physician takes an active role in the action of killing the patient. There is often debate on whether or not any of these actions should be legalized in all states. Physician assisted suicide is legal in Oregon, California, Montana, Vermont, and Washington. Voluntary active euthanasiaRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?1536 Words   |  7 PagesLegalizing Murder â€Å"Euthanasia, also [known as] mercy killing, [is the] practice of ending another’s life with the aim of enabling the person to avoid severe suffering, typically from a terminal illness† (â€Å"Euthanasia†). Furthermore, a study conducted in Washington State revealed that most of the participants who requested euthanasia had the diagnosis of cancer, neurological disease, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Back et al. 919). This study also uncovered that â€Å"the patient concerns mostRead MoreAssisted Suicide And Voluntary Active Euthanasia Essay1345 Words   |  6 Pagessociety: physician assisted suicide and voluntary active euthanasia. Physician assisted suicide is when the patient is prescribed lethal medicine by the doctor to commit suicide. Meanwhile, voluntary active euthanasia is when a physician takes an active role in the act of killing the patient. There is often debate on whether or not any of these actions should be legalized in all states. Physician assisted suicide is legal in Oregon, California, Montana, Vermont, and Washington. Voluntary active euthanasiaRead MoreThe Debate Surrounding Physician-Assisted Suicide Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide is the practice in which a doctor prescribes a terminally ill patient with a lethal medication as a form of active, voluntary euthanasia. These patients, rather than suffer slowly and painfully, often request this procedure as a means of experiencing a more â€Å"dignified† death. The debate surrounding this issue is a heated one, especially among the general public whose attitudes are deeply influenced by the level of patient pain and discomfort (Frileux et al. 334). At theRead More Euthanasia Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesWhen a person commits an act of euthanasia, he/she brings about the death of another person because he/she believes that the latter’s present existence is so bad that he/she would be better off dead. The word eu thanasia originated from the Greek language: eu means â€Å"good† and thanatos means â€Å"death†. The meaning of euthanasia is â€Å"the intentional termination of life by another at the explicit request of the person who dies† (Religious Tolerance). However, euthanasia has many different meanings, whichRead MoreSiya Kumar. Dying With Dignity. . Imagine Yourself With1360 Words   |  6 Pagespossible with the help of physician assisted death. Physician assisted death and voluntary euthanasia should be legal in the the United States because if a person has the right to life, then they also have the right to death, it helps terminally ill patients to escape the pain that awaits them, and it can be safely regulated by government legislation. Euthanasia is specifically provided for individuals diagnosed with a terminal illness. There are several types of euthanasia that differ in the way thatRead MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legalized?1426 Words   |  6 PagesPhysician assisted suicide is also known as assisted suicide. It is a very controversial procedure. It is not favored by many. However, in present day society is little bit inclined towards assisted suicide. There is ongoing debate on the legalization of assisted suicide. The main reason to oppose of assisted suicide is the fear of mistreatment of the patient, abuse of power and so on. In contrary, many see assisted suicide as a way to decrease pain in the end of life.

The Stupidity Paradox Free Essays

Submitted by: Hassan Ahmed Class Number: MBA-01 Sec-02 Submitted to: Dr. Nasir Afghan Course: Organizational Behavior and Leadership Table of Contents Part One: Stupidity Today The Knowledge Myth Not to Smart Funtional Stupidity Part Two: Five Kinds of Functional Stupidity   Leadership- Induced Leadership Structure-Induced Leadership Imitation Induced Stupidity Branding-Induced Stupidity Culture-Induced Stupidity Part Three: Managing Stupidity Stupidity Management and How to counter it? Conclusion Introduction The main purpose of any company is to grow in terms of business that is having lucrative business and at the same time enabling their employees to become their future asset. But in real world often we see organization hired smart people and they end up in making stupid mistake. We will write a custom essay sample on The Stupidity Paradox or any similar topic only for you Order Now The book highlights that organization depend on well-educated and bright people who are willing to learn but what seems to be observe is that organization ends up in creating Corporate Slaves who follows dictation, discipline and willingness to be seduced by many ludicrous ideas. We have to understand why organization employed smart people? Why smart people do stupid things and bestow with bounties by organization for doing such mistakes this is what the book highlights. They succeeded for the short time span but in longer term it damages the organization as well as their progress also. Later in this chapter we will discuss the role of stupidity in today’s workplace and profession. Part One: Stupidity Today The Knowledge Myth World has witnessed an anomaly in knowledge based economy. In a way that we have observed a remarkable progression in knowledge of individuals but in contrast to it we could not witness rapid increase in the demand of such individuals in our job sector. Instead of surge in knowledge based jobs we have seen smooth increase in low-wage odd jobs. Irony is the attitude of present day organizations who instead of addressing this issue tries to cover it up by using different tactics like granting attractive job titles to convince individuals that they are doing something innovative and useful. But in reality we have witnessed that such organizations and individuals are busy in doing routine office work. This does not mean that acquiring knowledge is wasteful or dangerous. But the ever increasing gap between supply and demand curve of highly intellectual individuals and knowledge based jobs is fuelling frustration and other evils in present day generation. This frustration can be gauged by a rapid increase in college pass outs since 1960s and number of people who were expecting that they would be given a ground to showcase their capabilities and abilities but at last they were only allowed to do repetitive office tasks on daily basis. Not to Smart Individual in the organization are rational people. They try their best to use their knowledge and experience practically but faces with many obstacles. It has been seen as most decisions in the organization are based on limited information and less time to contemplate over it which results in the satisfactory outcome but not optimal one. It has been seen mostly that smart people joining the workforce on the basis of their intelligence but they are not fully able to utilize it. If they opt to do something different they will be stopped by their boss or faced criticism from their colleagues that is the dilemma of our culture. You can see after few year of experience they will end up in corporate mindlessness. One of the obstacles in this kind of skill incompetence is that it stops people from learning. They deceive by the comforting routines that allow them to ignore troubling issues of daily life. Often you see in organization where people are being discouraged for asking question. They been given a particular script to follow and act accordingly. Usually asking difficult question or thinking to deeply seems as a great waste for the firms. It subsequently end up in restricting the thought process of employees. Employees who learn to switch of their brain are rewarded. If they think too much they can get the work done. By following the corporate line set by the firm, thoughtless employees get seen as leadership material and promoted. We usually see the policy of ignorance in the organization, where people avoid informing senior people about problem. This is because senior don’t want to face to many complicated issues. This helps them to remain unaware of the situation when something went wrong in order to pull off the whole burden from them. Functional Stupidity The observation is that firm going out of their way to block employees from reflecting on their ideas, to deter them from thinking innovatively and to resist them from giving or asking for justification for their decisions and actions. By doing this they create functional outcomes both for individuals and the whole organisation. The consequences of it can disastrous leading to collapse of organisation. However functional stupidity can be useful and produce short term results, it can nurture harmony, encourage people to get on with the job. Like the example of Pepsi was given where culture was that executive should focused only on outcome, work diligently and employees gave very less time to their social life or outside world. The type of workaholic or militaristic environment prevails in Pepsi affect the employees productivity and they all the time pre-occupied with the office work. Functional stupidity is so widespread in organization that it is simply seen as a normal. Following leaders without seeing their credentials and no careful check often result in self stupidity. Functional Stupidity basically reduces conflict, levitate anxiety, and increase self-esteem. The issue is when organization get affected in longer term which result in a great loss.Funtional stupidity is deeply rooted in organisation and eradicating it from the root is very difficult. But certain steps can be taken which will be discuss later on this chapter can help us mitigating it. Part Two: Five Kinds of Functional Stupidity Leadership-Induced Stupidity All adjectives like superior, innovative, critical, prudent, etc. attached with leaders. They are purely a myth. In reality leaders are self-obsessed individuals. Who assume themselves as a master of all. Most of them think that whatever they are saying is being praised by their sub-ordinates but reality is different from this. Mostly people take the words of their leaders superficially and take it as for granted. Henceforth, impact of a leader on organizational life is minimum. Structure Induce Stupidity Structure in organization is necessary but some time creating too much structures and norms can create a communication gap between the top management and the lower ones. We have heard the word of delegation in our management system which is used to empower the employees and encourage them to take equal parts in company’s though process. But unfortunately we can see in majority of organization that dominant or dictator rule is followed. Top management neglect the lower ones to put their input which can be valuable for organization but are often ignored in company thought process. That lowers the moral and willingness of an individual working in an organization. Managers mostly spend their time doing meeting, setting up the rule and regulation and probably are unaware of what is happening at the ground level or in the firm. If we go down the organisation hierarchy, most peoples are confine to focus on their work and not think about the broader picture. Imitation Induced Stupidity Blindly following the glowing star has become order of the day. Organizations tend to copy other organizational behaviour and strategies without any motive and approach. The repercussions of this practice are heinous and affect overall organization. Branding-Induced Stupidity Marketing and branding has become a key tool nowadays. Organizations have vigorously started working on branding their brands. They do it by hook or crook. Mostly unrealistic but catchy phrases are used to convince the buyers to buy their products. The branding game is going so strong that huge chunk of capital are now reserved only for branding. This has diverted organizations from their main purpose which is to improve their product’s quality and to serve their customers. Culture- Induced Stupidity There is a predefined set of protocols for every organization. These protocols create almost familiar culture for every organization. Eventually they create a tranquil and conducive environment within an organization. Things get disturbed when such predefined protocols are broken and are kept just for showcase. This creates a feeling of chagrin in people. Part Three: Managing Stupidity Stupidity Management and How to counter it Stupidity management constitute a conundrum. In short functional stupidity is helpful in decision making, forging a better workplace and mitigating the conflict because you will be not questioning or not doing something out of the box which ultimately builds such an environment of harmony. But in longer run, it obstruct the creativity, decision making skills and problem solving skills.Decion making tends to be easy when people stop thinking too much. Conflict of opinion shall be present in the organization; it will help individuals to express themselves and come out with different idea or opinion which ultimately benefit the organization. Due to this your thought process increases and you start thinking differently. There are number of ways where manager encourage functional stupidity. First is authority in which people are encourage to follow their leaders and they are treated as inferior who are there to comply the policies and orders. Second is seduction. People can be seduced by being encouraged to think things are great. The third is to manipulate the thing in order to make the things appears to be natural. This we call naturalisation. We follow stereotype thinking or conservative type of mind-set like this thing happen in this way and there are no alternate for it.Albeit if we think beyond the line or do some research we can come up with a way but we are provided with such justification that this is the better way or it can happen in this way only. Final is appeal to opportunism. When incentives are stacked up in the right way, people are schooled to avoid asking to many difficult questions. Now we will look how organization should foster an â€Å"anti-stupidity culture† in which it is acceptable to think critically. This includes by reflecting your ideas, involve in critical thinking and consider reducing or killing our own stupidities for this we need to do anti stupidity management. Furthermore, it required work on cultural and collective norms. Express yourself in meeting and ask tough question to force them to think again for the decision. Newcomers should be promoted to ask question and should be ask that how they perceive the situation and their take on it. Learning from the outsider or you should go to other organisation and see their culture and work, and try to interlink with yours, which will help you in longer run.Learing from the critics because they have deep views of your company loophole so engaging them and extracting the shortcoming can be beneficial. Conclusion This book shows the picture how in the organisation people are facing with different hurdles which inhibit their though process and they instead of thinking rationally they restrict their thought process which ultimately result in creating a functional stupidity –a way to remain confine in certain area and not thinking out of it or beyond the line which result in setting up a myopic mind set. In the end it briefly describe that how to tackle out of this situation through ways as describe earlier in above paragraph. 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Conference on Marketing and Business Development

Question: Discuss about the Conference on Marketing and Business Development. Answer: Introduction: Exhibit 12 shows exceptional fluctuations that are really significant while considering the aggregate demand for pasta in the country of Italy. The instability in the weekly demands from the Northeast DC is resulted by various reasons. The first reason is the fluctuation in customers demand due to the seasonal changes (Morrone, Russo Calace, 2015). These fluctuations are quite predictable. Secondly, the demand from the distributors differs for various factors like volume discounts, transportation and promotions, long time for lead (10 days), packing design and sizes, various types of products, no specific quantities for minimum and maximum order. Moreover, the suppliers do not have the system or tools for forecasting. They take the benefit of transportation or volume discount during the promotional period to stock the order in advance for weeks and in future weeks they order very less amount or nothing and use the stocked inventory. Another reason for fluctuation is the poor communi cation among the sales and marketing team, distributors, manufacturers, retailers (Tan, Hilmola Binh, 2016). The nature of the supply chain is of complex type. The distributors have various kinds of customers like small shops and supermarkets and they have various strategies. Many stages are involved in the supply chain between the factories and the end-use-customers. The demand is not predictable or not possible to keep track of sales from the stores and from the distributors. The fluctuation in demand lead to the bullwhip effect that is the enlarged variation in the demand pattern and involvement of more stages in the supply chain. This is the most evidential in exhibit 12 and it can be seen that there are 4-6 point in the orders and that is followed by the exceptional low order immediately after that (Brinkhoff, zer Sargut, 2015). Barilla Spa is the largest manufacturer of pasta globally. The organization sells their pasta large number of retailers in Italy through the third party supplier and distributors towards the end of 1980 and they suffered cost penalties and growing inefficiencies in operations that caused due to the large variations in their week-to-week distribution pattern (Di Guardo Castriotta, 2013). Consumers demand pattern for pasta in Italy is as follows: the pattern for the demand of pasta in Italy is relatively flat and was growing at a rate of less than 1% annually. In distribution centres (DC) the demand pattern reveals a further big fluctuation The pattern is like this due to the dynamics and channel policies (Wieland Handfield, 2016). The fluctuation effect put Barilla in a circumstance where the production is not sufficient or the finished goods production is in excess. This outcome reveals that either the company is holding large stock of inventories or is stocked out. The expenses are directly related to the loss of revenue as the cost of holding the inventory and competition respectively. Owing to the fluctuations, the logistic manufacturing operations are pressurised. Al the end of the distributor, the effect of the fluctuation leads to set up additional capability to hold the excess production of purchase any kind of promotion. Stock outs are expensive as they lead to loss of sales because the customers are likely to buy the competitors product and it can be seen from exhibit 13 that the stock out level is around 5% or more than that. As the margins are diminishing, it would be advantageous for the operation to minimize the cost of the whole company. Moreover, the large scale of buffering in inventories requires cost expenses and is likely to conceal various issues in the procedures (Islam et al., 2013). Brando Vitalis JITD proposal as a measure of cost reduction: Brando Vitali, the ex-logistic director of Barilla suggested just-in-time distribution (JITD) tools for contradict the issues regarding the variation in demand. This tool needs the distributors to reveal the data with Barilla regarding sales and the company will forecast and supply exact quantity product at appropriate time to the distributors to meet the demand effectively. This was a drastic change from the traditional setup for the supply chain where the distributors were not used to share the data regarding sales with the company. However, the suggestion of Vital faces several criticisms from the distributors as well as from the own marketing and sales department of Barilla due to various reasons. As under the JITD approach the products are supplies as when the demand is raised from the distributor, there is no need to stock the product on the warehouse on a large scale. Thereby the cost of storing the product is minimised. On the other hand, there is no need for excess production. Therefore, the level of expired products will be minimised. Thus, the JITD approach can be used as a measure for cost reduction (Seuring, 2013). The system of JITD works through the cooperation between seller and distributor. The distributor must reveal their sales forecast to the seller and based on the forecast, the seller will provide the product to the distributor as and when the demand will be raised by the distributor. It is quite same like the collecting the point-of-sale information from the retailers, that is the seller will respond to the sell through data just one stage behind of the retailers. Actually, the seller will use the sell-through information from the retailer. Barilla must go ahead to implement the JITD approach. The reason behind this is the JITD implementation is aligned with the business objectives of Barilla. JITD will allow the company to theoretically reduce the uncertain demand, which in turn, will maximize the uses of their assets and minimize the level of inventories and will increase its revenue through removing the stock-outs (Koz?owski, Gola ?wi?, 2014). Resistance from the customers: From distributor: The distributors view is that they they require to reveal their sales figure or their warehouse to Barilla. Moreover, they can improve their service and inventory level on their own that will assist them to get the inventory faster as they prefer to place their order as and when necessary and Barilla is supposed to deliver the goods within 36 hours. From marketing and sales department: They think that the sales level of the company will be flatten if the JITD approach is introduced and without any incentive they will not force the retailers to buy the product of Barilla. Moreover, they feel that if the space in the distributors warehouse freed up then they will stock the competitors product. Further, they are in the view that the distribution channel not ready yet to handle the sophisticated relationship of JITD. Maggiali can persuade the customers to try the JITD approach through following: They can demonstrate that the JITD approach is beneficial to the customers through running the programme on experimental basis at some of the customers sites. Maggiali is required to focus at the JITD approach as a company-wide attempt rather than taking it as logistics programme (Wan et al., 2014). Before the implementation of the JITD tool, Barilla must obtain the acceptance from their internal bodies to smoothen the distribution channel. Various internal departments are there who will be affected by the JITD approach. The marketing and sale department feel that they spend significant time with the distributor to assist them in preparing the weekly demand pattern and incorporating discounts and promotion into their strategies for sales. They feel that the JITD approach will eliminate the need of sales representative, which in turn, lead to cutting of jobs for the sales staffs. The marketing strategy is also a crucial part of Barilla which will be affected with the implementation of the new procedure. The sales of the organization come from the promotional tools and discounts, on a large scale that are given as incentives to the distributor. However, without incentives they are less likely to take active part in the distribution. Another issue is that, if the JITD approach is implemented, it will leave a vacant space in the warehouse of the distributors and the company is in the view that the vacant space will be filled up by the competitors product which in turn, will reduce the sales level of Barilla. The total number of product that are dealt by Barilla is another factor of concern. With the SKU of 800 dry products, it is quite tough to adjust the distribution channel in accordance with the JITD approach (Lee Prabhu, 2016). The sales people of Barilla spend 90% of their time with the stores. They assist the company in setting up for the in-house promotions, merchandising the products of the company, taking note of the competitive data related to the stock outs, price, introduction of new product and the ordering approaches. Additionally, they spend half day for weekly meetings held with the retailers, distributors, buyers and assist the distributor for estimating their weekly order and incorporation of discounts and promotions into the plan. Moreover, they spend few times with the CDC to discuss about the new pricing strategies and new products, issues that were faced in the previous weeks deliveries and settlement if issues regarding the discount and deal structures. However, if the JITD system is incorporated, the sales peoples requirement will be decreased or there will be no need of the sales representatives. In such an circumstance, this is very obvious that the sales people will not be willing to accept the JITD approach (Khan, Khan Sohail, 2014). It is quite understandable that Barilla is only looking out for their own interest, however, they should not ignore the interest of the distributors completely. It is obvious that Barilla is not interested in allowing their distributors for taking the best possible decision for their organization as the present scenario costing them bigger hassle and money. One party must not control and take the decisions completely without taking consideration the view of other party. If Barilla is willing to offer the distributor the cost incentives like on bulk purchase, the distributors are more likely to accept the JTID approach (Zhong et al., 2013). References: Brinkhoff, A., zer, ., Sargut, G. (2015). All You Need Is Trust? An Examination of Inter?organizational Supply Chain Projects.Production and operations management,24(2), 181-200. Available at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/poms.12234/full Di Guardo, M. C., Castriotta, M. (2013). The challenge and opportunities of crowdsourcing web communities: an Italian case study.International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies,4(1), 79. Available at https://search.proquest.com/openview/33ec8db3e8603c1890c7181a7ce1faa5/1?pq-origsite=gscholarcbl=2030559 Islam, D. M. Z., Meier, J. F., Aditjandra, P. T., Zunder, T. H., Pace, G. (2013). Logistics and supply chain management.Research in Transportation Economics,41(1), 3-16. Available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0739885912001606 Khan, S. N., Khan, M. A., Sohail, R. (2014). The Bullwhip Effect in Different Manufacturing Paradigm: An Analysis.Economia. Seria Management,17(1), 140-171. Available at https://mer.ase.ro/files/2014-1/11.pdf Koz?owski, E., Gola, A., ?wi?, A. (2014). Model of production control in just-in-time delivery system conditions.Advances in Manufacturing Science and Technology,38(1). Available at https://yadda.icm.edu.pl/baztech/element/bwmeta1.element.baztech-48b4a37d-0b3b-4b36-8889-079fc81177bf Lee, S., Prabhu, V. V. (2016). Just-in-time delivery for green fleets: A feedback control approach.Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment,46, 229-245. Available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361920916301833 Morrone, D., Russo, A., Calace, D. (2015, November). Family Firms CSR Actions: the Case of Barilla. InInternational Conference on Marketing and Business Development(Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 366-376). Bucharest University of Economic Studies Publishing House. Available at https://www.mbd.ase.ro/?p=193 Seuring, S. (2013). A review of modeling approaches for sustainable supply chain management.Decision support systems,54(4), 1513-1520. Available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167923612001741 Tan, A., Hilmola, O. P., Binh, D. H. (2016). Matching volatile demand with transportation services in Vietnam: A case study with Gemadept.Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics,28(1), 160-174. Available at https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/APJML-05-2015-0079 Wan, Y. L., Zhu, H. P., Mu, Y. P., Yu, H. C. (2014). Research on iot-based material delivery system of the mixed-model assembly workshop. InProceedings of 2013 4th International Asia Conference on Industrial Engineering and Management Innovation (IEMI2013)(pp. 581-593). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Available at https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-40060-5_56 Wieland, A., Handfield, R. B. (2016). Supply Chain Management. In5th World Conference onProduction and Operations Management. POM 2016. Available at https://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/en/catalog/2350919704 Zhong, R. Y., Dai, Q. Y., Qu, T., Hu, G. J., Huang, G. Q. (2013). RFID-enabled real-time manufacturing execution system for mass-customization production.Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,29(2), 283-292. Available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736584512000956